PNL
具有 FIFO 和 LIFO 的 PnL
我有以下交易:
Sequence Side Quantity @ Price 1. Buy 12 @ 100 2. Buy 17 @ 99 3. Buy 3 @ 103 4. Sell 9 @ 101 5. Sell 4 @ 105 with sold quantity = 9+4 = 13 and current position size = (12+17+3)-13 = 19 and markPrice = 99
我想計算
netPnL
,realizedPnl
並unrealizedPnl
使用最精確的估值類型。我只知道 3種估值類型:FIFO、LIFO、WAC。我沒有選擇WAC,因為它不夠精確。所以我想選擇先進先出或後進先出。這裡的計算:先進先出:
realizedPnL = (9*101 + 4*105) - (12*100 + 1*99) = +30 unrealizedPnL = 19*99 - (16*99 + 3*103) = -12 netPnL = 30 + (-12) = 18
後進先出:
realizedPnL = (9*101 + 4*105) - (3*103 + 10*100) = +20 unrealizedPnL = 19*99 - (7*99 + 12*100) = -12 netPnL = 20 + (-12) = 8
現在我的問題:
- 計算是否正確?我認為無論估值類型
netPnl
如何,都必須始終相同。但這裡不是這種情況。為什麼?- 哪個更精確?先進先出還是後進先出?我應該使用哪個?
- 還有比先進先出或後進先出更精確的估值類型嗎?我需要最準確的估值類型。
編輯:
錯誤在 LIFO 計算範圍內:
代替
realizedPnL = (9*101 + 4*105) - (3*103 + 10*100) = +20
必須使用:
realized PnL = (9*101 + 4*105) - (3*103 + 10*99) = +30
你是對的,這兩種方法的總損益(或者你稱之為淨損益)必須相同,所以出了點問題。此外,一個奇怪的巧合是,實現的損益雖然不同(9,21 對 6,24),但在最後(30)加起來是相同的數量,這通常不會發生。
這是我的計算
First let's use FIFO: ===================== After the three buys we have the following Lot Table: Lot Shrs Price Extensn 1 12 100 1200 2 17 99 1683 3 3 103 309 -- ---- Tot 32 at cost 3192 Sell 9 at 101 take 9 from lot 1 realized P&L on this trade = 9(101-100) = 9 Updated lot table: Lot Shrs Price Extensn 1 3 100 300 2 17 99 1683 3 3 103 309 -- ---- total 23 at cost 2292 Sell 4 at 105 take 3 from lot 1 and 1 from lot 2 realized P&L on this trade = 3(105-100)+1(105-99)= 21 Updated lot table: Lot Shrs Price Extensn 1 0 100 0 2 16 99 1584 3 3 103 309 -- ---- total 19 at cost 1893 mark to market of final holdings value =19*99 = 1881 cost of final holdings = 0*100+16*99+3*103 = 1893 unrealized P&L = 1881-1893 = -12 cumulative realized P&L = 9+21=30 total P&L = 30-12 = 18 Now let's do it again using LIFO this time: =========================================== After the three buys we have the following Lot Table: Lot Shrs Price Extensn 1 12 100 1200 2 17 99 1683 3 3 103 309 -- ---- Tot 32 at cost 3192 Sell 9 at 101 take 3 from lot 3 and 6 from lot 2 realized P&L on this trade = 3(101-103)+6(101-99) = 6 Updated lot table: Lot Shrs Price Extensn 1 12 100 1200 2 11 99 1089 3 0 103 0 -- ---- total 23 at cost 2289 Sell 4 at 105 take 4 from lot 2 realized P&L on this trade = 4(105-99) = 24 Updated lot table: Lot Shrs Price Extensn 1 12 100 1200 2 7 99 693 3 0 103 0 -- ---- total 19 at cost 1893 /*by coincidence we again have 1893, unusual */ mark to market of final holdings value =19*99 = 1881 cost of final holdings = 12*100+7*99+0*103 = 1893 unrealized P&L = 1881-1893 = -12 cumulative realized P&L = 6+24 = 30 total P&L = 30-12 = 18
現在回答你的問題:
- 兩種方法的淨損益(已實現+未實現)必須相同,實際上對於所有三種方法。只有已實現和未實現的區別可能不同。
- FIFO 和 LIFO 都不是“更精確”的。在期貨交易中我們一般使用先進先出。一位會計師曾經告訴我,CFTC 要求期貨交易賬戶使用 FIFO,但坦率地說,我從未遇到過明確規定這一點的法律或法規,我也從未研究過。
- 如前所述,我認為沒有一種方法更精確,但行業標准或法規可能需要或建議一種方法。